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Peak billing

The peak billing model is intended for systems using power control. The model is based on the irradiation measured at the PV system site at the time of curtailment. The formula is based on the “Spitzabrechnungsverfahren” from the German Federal Network Agency (Bundesnetzagentur) but can be applied to any location, provided the system fulfills the prerequisites.

Prerequisites

  • Irradiation data: the system must have an irradiance sensor

  • Grid operator's relative active power setpoint value

  • The derated power must be lower than the expected power

  • The measured power must be lower than the expected power

Example

In the chart, you can see that the grid operator curtailed the system at 4:30 PM. The yield losses are then calculated on the basis of a ticket.

Chart - curtailment example

Chart: curtailment example

Ticket with yield loss calculation - peak billing

Ticket with yield loss calculation: peak billing

Formula

Peak billing formula

Peak billing formula

Variable

Explanation

WA,i

Curtailed energy during the 15-minute interval i in kWh

Gi

Average irradiance during the 15-minute interval i during the curtailment in kW/m²

PVZist

Average actual feed-in during the comparison period in kW

GVZ

Average irradiance during the comparison period in kW/m²

Plim,i

Setpoint value in kW

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